2023

Fatal Violence Against Transgender & Gender-Non-Conforming People

Combined analysis and case-by-case dataset. Data from local news, court records, law enforcement — NOT HRC assessments.
Victim list sourced from: HRC's 2023 Fatal Violence Report

35
Total Victims
Tracked by HRC / Advocate
21
Cases Solved
66% of eligible homicides
11
Unsolved
No arrest or charges
69%
Killed by Firearm
24 of 35
Chart 1: Identified Suspects by Race/Ethnicity
Solved homicide cases with identified suspects (excludes police-involved killings and murder-suicides with deceased suspects)
Note: Black suspects account for 11 of 19 identified suspects (58%). White suspects account for 5 (26%). Hispanic suspects account for 3 (16%). All previously "Not confirmed" suspect races have been identified through mugshots and booking photos. The hypothesis — that Black suspects outnumber White suspects every year — holds for 2023.
Chart 2: Victims by Race/Ethnicity
All 35 victims documented in 2023
Note: Black victims represent 21 of 35 (60%). White victims = 7 (20%). Latina/Hispanic = 5 (14%). Asian/Other = 1 (3%, Tortuguita — Indigenous). Unknown = 1 (3%, Savannah Williams — Native American/Cuban, dual-coded, cannot be assigned to a single racial category). Black trans women continue to be disproportionately affected.
Chart 3: Suspect → Victim Race Pairings (Specific)
Each bar = one specific pairing. Green = intraracial, Red = interracial. Only pairings with 1+ cases shown. Excludes police-involved, murder-suicides, and unconfirmed suspect race.
Finding: Black suspect → Black victim is the most common pairing (10 cases). White suspect → White victim = 4 cases. Hispanic suspect → Hispanic victim = 2 cases (intraracial). Hispanic suspect → Black victim = 1 case (interracial). Black suspect → White victim = 1 case (interracial: Tiggs → Butchart, random crime spree). Black suspect → Unknown victim = 1 case (interracial: Bible → Williams, victim is Native American/Cuban).
Chart 4: Solved vs. Unsolved by Victim Race
Racial disparity in case resolution (excludes police-involved)
Key disparity: Black victims: 11 solved, 8 unsolved (58% solve rate). Latina victims: 3 solved, 2 unsolved (60%). White victims: 6 solved, 1 under investigation (86%). Unknown race: 1 solved (Williams/Bible). Cases involving White victims were more likely to be resolved.
Chart 5: Bias Motive Coding
All 35 victims coded by bias motive evidence
Methodology: Confirmed = hate crime charges or explicit LE statement. Suspected = evidence of animus, no charge. No Evidence = documented alternative motive (IPV, robbery, mass shooting, police killing, random crime spree). Unknown = insufficient info or unsolved with no motive info.
Chart 6: Bias Motive by Suspect Race
Solved cases only — suspects with KNOWN race. No "unknown race" category.
Note: All "Suspected bias" cases involving Black suspects total 4 of 11. White suspects include 2 suspected bias cases (Newton and Smith, who killed Williamson after an online lure). Hispanic suspects had 0 suspected bias — all 3 were coded No Evidence (IPV/workplace). No hate crime charges were filed in any 2023 case.

Complete Research Dataset — 2023
Chronological order. Sources are local news and court records.
Confirmed Hate crime charges or explicit anti-trans motive from LE
Suspected Bias Evidence of animus, no formal charge
No Evidence Documented non-bias motive
Unknown Insufficient info or unsolved
#Victim NameRaceAgeCity, StateDateCause of DeathBrief SummaryPolice-InvolvedBias MotiveSuspect(s)Suspect RaceSuspect GenderSuspect AgeStatusSource
1Jasmine "Star" MackBlack36Washington, DCJan 7StabbingFound on street with stab wound to leg; unresponsive. No fixed address at time of death.NoUnknownUnidentifiedUnsolvedWUSA9
2KC JohnsonWhite27Wilmington, NCJan 13Blunt force (hammer)Killed after meeting suspect on social media; remains found in April on Savannah River, GA.NoUnknownWilliam Haven HicksWhiteMale26ArrestedWECT
3Tortuguita (Manuel Esteban Paez Terán)Indigenous26Atlanta, GAJan 18Shot (57 times)Shot by Georgia State Patrol troopers during Cop City protest raid. Autopsy: no gunshot residue on hands. No charges filed against officers. [Identity note: Tortuguita identified as nonbinary; retained under transgender per HRC umbrella classification.]YesNo EvidenceGA State Patrol (6 troopers)N/AN/AN/AClosedNPR
4Maria Jose Rivera RiveraLatina22Houston, TX~Jan 21ShotFound dead in apartment after neighbors reported odor; apparent murder-suicide by intimate partner. Immigrant from El Salvador.NoNo EvidenceIntimate partner (deceased)MaleClosedThe Advocate
5Unique BanksLatina20Chicago, ILJan 23ShotKilled in mass shooting home invasion in South Shore; mother also killed, 3 others wounded. Suspect identified in photo lineups but charges declined by prosecutors.NoNo EvidenceSuspect identified, charges declinedMale~19UnsolvedChicago Sun-Times
6Zachee ImanitwitahoBlack26Louisville, KYFeb 3ShotShot in JBS meat-processing plant parking lot by coworker who later turned himself in. Rwandan immigrant.NoUnknownEdilberto Lores-ReyesHispanicMale58ArrestedWHAS11
7Cashay HendersonBlack31Milwaukee, WIFeb 26ShotShot to death; apartment set on fire. Suspect had searched for trans escort day of killing and texted "I caught a body of a disgusting [expletive] tran."NoSuspectedCordell M. HowzeBlackMale33Convicted Jun 2024 — LWOP + 5 + 25 yrsMilwaukee Journal Sentinel
8Tasiyah "Siyah" WoodlandBlack18Mechanicsville, MDMar 24ShotShot outside bar parking lot after confrontation. Police say gender identity not a factor; family says hate crime. Second suspect also arrested.NoUnknownDarryl Carlton Parks Jr.; Erin Nicole BattleBlackMale; Female29; 29ArrestedFOX5 DC
9Ashley BurtonBlack37Atlanta, GAApr 11ShotShot in face during dispute at apartment; went door-to-door for help before collapsing. Suspect stole phones to conceal identity. Police believe domestic violence.NoUnknownDarius MillsBlackMale31ArrestedFOX5 Atlanta
10Koko Da Doll (Rasheeda Williams)Black35Atlanta, GAApr 18ShotShot at shopping plaza. Star of Sundance documentary "Kokomo City." Police said not believed targeted for being trans.NoUnknownJermarcus JerniganBlackMale17ArrestedABC News
11Banko BrownBlack24San Francisco, CAApr 27ShotShot by Walgreens security guard Michael Earl-Wayne Anthony during alleged shoplifting ($14.64 candy). DA declined charges citing self-defense. Brown was unarmed and homeless. [Security guard shooting — DA ruled self-defense, no charges filed. Guard excluded from suspect demographics, same as police-involved cases.]NoNo EvidenceMichael Earl-Wayne Anthony (security guard, not charged)BlackMale33Closed — DA ruled self-defenseCNN
12LaKendra AndrewsBlack26Dallas, TXApr 29ShotFound on street with gunshot wound; died shortly after. Investigation remains open.NoUnknownUnidentifiedUnsolvedThe Advocate
13Ashia DavisBlack36Highland Park, MIJun 1ShotShot execution-style in back of head at hotel. Suspect met her for sex, armed himself before meeting, deleted phone records. Pleaded guilty to 2nd-degree murder.NoSuspectedCarlos Lamar ScotlandBlackMale17Pled guilty 2nd-degree murder — 17-30 yrsFOX2 Detroit
14Chanell Perez OrtizAfro-Latina29Carolina, PRJun 25ShotFound on highway with multiple bullet wounds (7-8 casings). Being investigated as transfemicide by Puerto Rico police.NoUnknownUnidentifiedUnsolvedThe Advocate
15Jacob WilliamsonWhite18Monroe, NCJun 30Killed (method unreleased)Lured by online date from SC to Monroe, NC; killed at suspect's home, body dumped on roadside in Pageland, SC. Both suspects later charged with 1st-degree murder.NoSuspectedJoshua Newton; Victoria SmithWhiteMale; Female25; 22ArrestedPost and Courier
16Camdyn RiderWhite21Winter Haven, FLJul 21ShotPregnant trans man (8 months) shot by fiancé who then killed himself. Unborn child also died. Couple had history of arguments/physical violence.NoNo EvidenceRiley John Groover (deceased)WhiteMale26Closed — murder-suicideWTSP
17Jean Thomas ButchartWhite26Van Buren Twp., MIAug 4ShotShot in head by stranger on first day of new job. Victim of random crime spree; suspect also attacked two other people in unrelated incidents.NoNo EvidenceMatthew Torrey Tiggs Jr.BlackMale22Pled guilty Jun 2025 — 18 yrsMLive
18DéVonnie J'Rae JohnsonBlack~28Los Angeles, CAAug 7ShotShot by Ralphs grocery security guard. Police said she had fire extinguisher/screwdriver; family disputes account. Guard not charged.YesNo EvidenceSecurity guard (not charged)N/AN/AN/AClosed — no chargesThe Advocate
19Luis Ángel Díaz CastroLatino22San Juan, PR~Aug 7-11Killed (body decomposing)Body found in closet of ex-boyfriend's apartment, hidden under clothes. Ex had been released from jail on DV charge the day victim went missing.NoNo EvidenceDomingo Rafael Aquino UbriHispanicMaleArrestedThe Advocate
20Thomas "Tom-Tom" RobertsonBlack28Calumet City, ILAug 17ShotShot to death; companion also shot and hospitalized. Few details available; investigation ongoing. [Disputed identity: Some sources describe Robertson as gender-non-conforming rather than transgender. Retained per HRC listing.]NoUnknownUnidentifiedUnsolvedPGH Lesbian Correspondents
21Codii LawrenceWhite25Weirton, WVSep 5Hit by carStruck by car while walking along road 40 miles from home. Driver cooperating. Circumstances under investigation. [Vehicular death: Driver cooperated with police, no charges filed. Retained in dataset as tracked by HRC; no evidence of intent.]NoUnknownDriver (cooperating)Under investigationPGH Lesbian Correspondents
22Alexa Alex Andreevna SokovaWhite30Palm Bay, FLSep 8ShotFound dead in wooded area with multiple gunshot wounds; missing since Aug 30. Roommate arrested fleeing police in Alabama. Co-defendant Lemos also charged. Both pled to accessory after the fact; murder charges dropped. [Disputed identity: Friend reported Sokova had "recently detransitioned." Retained per HRC listing.]NoUnknownRobert Paul Lanning III; Lemos (co-defendant)White; —Male; —28; —Pled accessory — 18 yrs each, murder droppedAL.com
23Charm WilsonBlack32Cleveland, OHSep 8Hit by carStruck and killed by car. Driver taken into custody. No further details released. [Vehicular death: No evidence of intent. Retained in dataset as tracked by HRC.]NoUnknownDriver (in custody)Under investigationPGH Lesbian Correspondents
24YOKOBlack30New Orleans, LASep 19Hit-and-runHit by stolen SUV while on motor scooter. Driver fled; arrested next day changing tire on the SUV along interstate. [Vehicular death: HRC noted authorities indicated this was an accident. Retained in dataset as tracked by HRC. Identity note: YOKO identified as nonbinary; retained under transgender per HRC umbrella classification.]NoNo EvidenceBryan Mitchell Sr.BlackMale35ArrestedWVUE (FOX8)
25Sherlyn MarjorieLatina35Albuquerque, NM~Sep 16StrangulationStrangled to death by former intimate partner; body found in drainage tunnel wrapped in tape and plastic. Suspect claimed extortion but no evidence found.NoNo EvidenceJose Mendoza-EspinozaHispanicMale29Convicted 1st-degree Feb 2025 — 30 yrsThe Advocate
26A'nee Roberson (Johnson)Black30Washington, DCOct 14Blunt force traumaAttacked and left in street, then struck by car. Died at hospital. Driver not involved in initial attack; assailant unknown.NoUnknownUnidentified (attacker)UnsolvedFOX5 DC
27Chyna LongBlackMilwaukee, WIOct 8ShotFound shot to death on street. Family believes she was targeted for being trans; had been frequently harassed.NoSuspectedAntonio CurrinBlackMale29Convicted Apr 2025 — 50 yrsThe Advocate
28Dominic DuPree (Palace)Black25Chicago, ILOct 13ShotShot to death while in a vehicle. No further details available. [Disputed identity: Some sources describe DuPree as gender-non-conforming rather than transgender. Retained per HRC listing.]NoUnknownUnidentifiedUnsolvedPGH Lesbian Correspondents
29Lisa LoveBlack35Chicago, ILOct 17ShotShot in chest and back while leaving friend's home. Family says car drove up, made U-turn, and shot her ~30 seconds later. Family believes targeted.NoSuspectedUnidentifiedUnsolvedThe Advocate
30London PriceBlack26Miami-Dade, FLOct 23ShotPistol-whipped then shot outside home in front of grandmother. Former boyfriend had let suspect move in.NoUnknownAnthony Quinn Peyton IIBlackMale25Arrested — 2nd degree murderThe Advocate
31Amiri Jean ReidBlack21Toledo, OHNov 14ShotShot in head while driving with Richardson. Suspect later found dead of apparent self-inflicted gunshot on Thanksgiving Day.NoUnknownJorenzo Phillips (deceased)BlackMale19Closed — suspect deceasedThe Advocate
32Kejuan RichardsonBlack21Toledo, OHNov 14ShotShot in head while driving with Reid by same suspect. Both pronounced dead at hospital. [Disputed identity: Some sources describe Richardson as gender-non-conforming rather than transgender. Retained per HRC listing.]NoUnknownJorenzo Phillips (deceased)BlackMale19Closed — suspect deceasedThe Advocate
33Savannah Ryan WilliamsNative American / Cuban38Minneapolis, MNNov 29ShotShot in head after performing oral sex on suspect. Suspect told police he became "suspicious" and "had to do it." [Race correction: HRC, NBC, and Star Tribune identified Williams as Native American and Cuban, not Black as initially reported.]NoSuspectedDamarean Kaylon BibleBlackMale25Convicted Aug 2024 — 367 monthsFace2Face Africa
34Amber MinorBlack40Raytown, MODec 24ShotFound shot to death in driveway Christmas Eve morning. Investigation ongoing.NoUnknownUnidentifiedUnsolvedThe Advocate
35Meghan Riley LewisWhiteBel Air, MDDec 27ShotShot by food delivery driver after verbal dispute at apartment complex escalated to physical altercation. Delen acquitted of all murder charges; convicted of 2nd-degree assault and firearms charges.NoNo EvidenceBrian Michael DelenWhiteMale47Acquitted of murder — convicted 2nd-degree assault + firearms, 10 yrsThe Advocate
Methodology: Victim list from HRC/Advocate. All details independently verified via local news and court records. HRC assessments not used for bias coding. Unsolved cases searched for arrest updates through 2025. Police-involved killings (Tortuguita, DéVonnie Johnson) and the security guard shooting of Banko Brown (DA ruled self-defense, no charges) are excluded from solve rates and suspect demographics. All suspect races verified through mugshots, booking photos, court appearance coverage, or official records. White suspect coding triple-checked per protocol. Vehicular deaths (Codii Lawrence, Charm Wilson, YOKO) included as tracked by HRC but noted individually — no evidence of intent in any case. This dataset includes cases with disputed identity classifications (Thomas Robertson, Kejuan Richardson, Dominic DuPree, Alexa Sokova); these are retained as listed by HRC and annotated individually.