2019

Fatal Violence Against Transgender & Gender-Non-Conforming People

Combined analysis and case-by-case dataset. Data from local news, court records, law enforcement — NOT HRC assessments.
Victim list sourced from: HRC's 2019 Fatal Violence Report (via Issuu; HRC no longer hosts the original PDF)

22
Total Victims
Documented homicides in 2019
14
Cases Solved
64% solve rate (10 convicted + 2 awaiting trial + 2 closed)
8
Unsolved
No killer identified (includes 1 accessory-only arrest, 2 dismissed-charges cases)
82%
Killed by Firearm
18 of 22 victims
Chart 1: Identified Suspects by Race/Ethnicity
Solved homicide cases with identified suspects — 14 suspects total (excludes police-involved and self-defense closures)
Note: Race verified from mugshots or explicit police descriptions only. All 14 suspects have confirmed race: 11 Black, 2 White, 1 Hispanic. Formerly listed suspect John Booth removed after all charges were dismissed. Dominick Archield retained as identified suspect despite charges being dismissed Nov. 2024 (witness recantation); race verified from booking records.
Chart 2: Victims by Race/Ethnicity
All 22 victims documented in 2019
Note: 20 of 22 victims (91%) were Black transgender women. The remaining 2 victims were White (1 trans woman, 1 trans man killed in Dayton mass shooting). This stark racial disparity mirrors national patterns of violence disproportionately targeting Black trans women.
Chart 3: Suspect → Victim Race Pairings (Specific)
Each bar = one specific pairing. Green = intraracial, Red = interracial. All 14 suspects have verified race.
Finding: Of the 14 solved cases with verified suspect race: 13 (93%) were intraracial (11 Black→Black, 2 White→White) and 1 (7%) was interracial (Hispanic→Black). This mirrors general homicide patterns where intraracial violence predominates.
Chart 4: Solved vs. Unsolved by Victim Race
Racial disparity in case resolution (includes "Closed" in solved count)
Key disparity: Both White victim cases were solved (100%), compared to 60% of Black victim cases (12 of 20). All 8 unsolved cases involve Black transgender women.
Chart 5: Bias Motive Coding
All 22 victims coded by evidence of anti-transgender bias
Methodology: Confirmed = hate crime charges or explicit anti-trans motive from police/prosecutor (Paris Cameron — prosecutors stated LGBTQ-targeted; Nikki Kuhnhausen — convicted of hate crime; Pebbles LaDime Doe — first federal hate crime conviction based on gender identity). Suspected = evidence of animus, no charge (Chanel Scurlock — dating app lure to isolated location). No Evidence = documented alternative motive (Tracy Single — IPV; Jordan Cofer — mass shooting). Unknown = insufficient info or unsolved.
Chart 6: Bias Motive by Suspect Race
Solved cases only — 14 suspects with verified race.
Note: Of 11 Black suspects: confirmed anti-LGBTQ bias in 2 (Devon Robinson targeted LGBTQ party; Daqua Ritter convicted of federal hate crime), suspected bias in 1 (Javaras Hammonds — dating app lure), documented alternative motive in 1 (Joshua Bourgeois — IPV), and unknown in 7 (includes Dominick Archield — charges dismissed). Of 2 White suspects: confirmed bias in 1 (David Bogdanov — hate crime conviction), alternative motive in 1 (Connor Betts — mass shooting). The single Hispanic suspect (Ruben Alvarado) had unknown motive.
Complete Research Dataset — 2019
22 victims in chronological order. Sources are local news and court records. Two searches minimum per case. Updated through Mar. 2026.
Confirmed Hate crime charges or explicit anti-trans motive from LE/prosecutor
Suspected Bias Evidence of animus, no formal charge
No Evidence Documented non-bias motive (IPV, mass shooting, robbery)
Unknown Insufficient info or unsolved
#Victim NameRaceAgeCity, StateDateCause of DeathCircumstancesPolice-InvolvedBias MotiveSuspect(s)Suspect RaceSuspect GenderSuspect AgeStatusSource
1Dana MartinBlack31Montgomery, ALJan 6Gunshot Found shot in the driver's seat of her car in a roadside ditch near Montgomery. A friend noted she had previously survived a shooting (2015) by a man recently released from prison, and found the timing suspicious. Case accepted by the Montgomery Cold Case Task Force; CrimeStoppers offers an $11,000 reward. No arrests as of Feb. 2026. No Unknown ———— Unsolved NBC News
2Ashanti CarmonBlack27Fairmount Heights, MDMar 30Gunshot Shot multiple times around 6:20 a.m. on a residential street near the D.C. border. Her fiancé said they had been on a dinner and movie date the night before she was killed. PG County Police Chief Stawinski stated investigators had "very strong leads" and offered a $25,000 reward, but no arrest has materialized as of Feb. 2026. No Unknown ———— Unsolved WUSA9
3Claire LegatoBlack21Cleveland, OHApr 15 (died May 14)Gunshot Shot in the head at 4 a.m. during an argument between her mother and John Booth over a stolen tax refund check. She was hospitalized and died a month later from her injuries. Booth's charges were subsequently dismissed; whether he was reindicted is unknown as of Feb. 2026. No Unknown John Booth, 61UnknownMale61 Charges Dismissed Cleveland.com
4Muhlaysia BookerBlack22Dallas, TXMay 18Gunshot Found shot to death on a Dallas street, one month after a viral video showed her being beaten by a mob at an apartment complex. Suspect Kendrell Lyles was later linked to two additional murders (Leticia Grant and Kenneth Cichocki, both May 2019, Collin County). Lyles pleaded guilty to murder in Nov. 2023, just as jury selection began; sentenced to 48 years. No Unknown Kendrell Lavar Lyles, 33BlackMale33 Convicted (48 yrs) WFAA
5Michelle "Tamika" WashingtonBlack40Philadelphia, PAMay 19Gunshot Shot four times — in the head, torso, and buttock — in North Philadelphia around 5 a.m. Troy Bailey initially gave police a false suspect description before being identified via ballistic evidence. Found guilty of third-degree murder in a bench trial (May 2021); sentenced Jul. 2021 to 25–50 years. No Unknown Troy Bailey, 28BlackMale28 Convicted (25–50 yrs) PhillyVoice
6Paris CameronBlack20Detroit, MIMay 25Gunshot Shot and killed at a house party in Detroit that was specifically targeted for being an LGBTQ gathering. Devon Robinson opened fire, killing Cameron and two others (Alunte Davis and Timothy Blancher). Convicted by jury of three counts of first-degree premeditated murder (Mar. 2020); sentenced Jul. 2020 to three consecutive life terms without parole. However, because Robinson was 18 at the time of the murders, the Michigan Court of Appeals vacated the mandatory LWOP sentences on Oct. 27, 2022, remanding for resentencing under Miller v. Alabama. Resentencing is pending as of Feb. 2026. No Confirmed Devon Robinson, 18BlackMale18 Convicted (LWOP vacated; resentencing pending) Detroit News
7Chynal LindseyBlack26Dallas, TXJun 1Homicidal violence (found in lake) Found dead in White Rock Lake in Dallas with signs of homicidal violence. Ruben Alvarado testified at trial that he strangled Lindsey with his belt after discovering she was transgender. Convicted of first-degree murder (Nov. 2021); sentenced to 37 years after jury rejected "sudden passion" defense. Her death was the second killing of a Black trans woman in Dallas in two weeks. No Unknown Ruben Alvarado, 22HispanicMale22 Convicted (37 yrs) Fox 4 News
8Chanel ScurlockBlack23Lumberton, NCJun 5Gunshot (8 times) Shot eight times in a rural field near Lumberton. Evidence suggests she was lured to the isolated location through a dating app, raising strong suspicion of a bias-motivated attack. Hammonds was charged with first-degree murder and robbery with a dangerous weapon; held without bond. Case placed on the murder trial calendar for Jun. 2024; no public trial outcome as of Feb. 2026. No Suspected Bias Javaras Hammonds, 20BlackMale20 Arrested; Awaiting Trial ABC11
9Zoe SpearsBlack23Fairmount Heights, MDJun 13Gunshot Shot to death around midnight on a Fairmount Heights street, less than half a mile from where Ashanti Carmon was killed three months earlier. The two women knew each other. Gerardo Thomas was arrested Jul. 2019; trial postponed from Aug. 2020 due to COVID. No public trial outcome as of Feb. 2026. No Unknown Gerardo Thomas, 33BlackMale33 Arrested; Awaiting Trial WJLA
10Brooklyn LindseyBlack32Kansas City, MOJun 25Gunshot Found shot to death in Kansas City. Marcus Lewis, 41, was charged with her murder within weeks. Lewis pleaded guilty (Jun. 2021) to voluntary manslaughter, armed criminal action, robbery in the second degree, and felon in possession of a firearm; sentenced Aug. 2021 to 22 years (concurrent). DNA on shell casings linked him to the murder. No Unknown Marcus Lewis, 41BlackMale41 Convicted (22 yrs) Fox 4 KC
11Denali Berries StuckeyBlack29North Charleston, SCJul 20Gunshot (face/torso) Shot in the face and torso in North Charleston. Dominick Archield turned himself in three weeks later; a judge denied bond. While out on a reduced bond (Mar. 2020), he was re-arrested Nov. 2020 for the attempted murder of another person. After ~4 years in jail without trial on both charges, Archield was released Nov. 2024 on a $100,000 signature bond. On Nov. 27, 2024, all charges — murder and attempted murder — were dismissed after a key witness recanted and evidence mismatch issues surfaced. No Unknown Dominick Archield, 34BlackMale34 Charges Dismissed (Nov. 2024) Live 5 News
12Bubba WalkerBlack55Charlotte, NCJul 27Found in house fire (undetermined) Her body was discovered in the rubble of a house fire on July 30, believed to have been there for three days. Friends feared she was targeted because of her identity; police opened a homicide investigation. ⚠ Note: The medical examiner could not determine cause of death because the body was severely burned. Charlotte-Mecklenburg police opened a homicide investigation, but no official homicide ruling was made. Retained in dataset per HRC listing. No Unknown ———— Unsolved WBTV
13Tracy SingleBlack22Houston, TXJul 30Stabbing / lacerations Fatally stabbed by her boyfriend, Joshua Bourgeois, during a domestic dispute in Houston. Prosecutors described the case as intimate partner violence with no evidence of anti-trans bias. Bourgeois pleaded guilty to murder (Sep. 2023); sentenced to 36 years. Note: Tracy Single's legal name was Tracy Williams; sources use both names. No No Evidence Joshua Dominic Bourgeois, 25BlackMale25 Convicted (36 yrs) PinkNews
14Kiki FantroyBlack21Miami, FLJul 31Gunshot Shot and killed in Miami. William Watson, a 17-year-old tried as an adult, was arrested and charged within days. Watson pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 15 years in prison (2021). No Unknown William Watson, 17BlackMale17 Convicted (15 yrs) Dallas Voice
15Jordan CoferWhite22Dayton, OHAug 4Gunshot (mass shooting) Killed by his brother Connor Betts in the Dayton mass shooting that left 9 dead in a popular entertainment district. Cofer was a trans man not publicly out to his family; his gender identity was not a factor in the attack. No No Evidence Connor Betts, 24 (brother, deceased)WhiteMale24 Closed The Advocate
16Pebbles LaDime "Dime" DoeBlack24Allendale County, SCAug 4Gunshot (3 shots to head) Found slumped over her steering wheel on a rural road, shot three times in the head. Daqua Ritter, who was secretly in a relationship with Doe, killed her after his girlfriend discovered the affair. First federal hate crime conviction based on gender identity under the Matthew Shepard Act. Jury convicted Feb. 2024; sentenced Oct. 17, 2024 to life without parole by U.S. District Judge Sherri A. Lydon. Co-defendant Xavier Pinckney pleaded guilty to obstruction (Oct. 2023). No Confirmed Daqua Lameek Ritter, 26BlackMale26 Convicted (Life) WJBF
17Bailey ReevesBlack17Baltimore, MDSep 2Gunshot Shot to death in Northeast Baltimore at age 17, near a cookout on Parkwood Avenue. Witnesses heard gunshots and saw individuals running. LGBTQ advocates called her death a hate crime; Baltimore PD never classified it as such. No arrests have been made as of Feb. 2026. No Unknown ———— Unsolved AFRO
18Bee Love SlaterBlack23Clewiston, FLSep 4Gunshot; set on fire in car Found shot and burned beyond recognition inside her car near Clewiston. Friends said she had expressed fear for her safety and texted a friend she wanted to leave town. Marcus Thompson was arrested Dec. 22, 2021 as an accessory after the fact to first-degree murder and arson. The FBI is actively involved (hundreds of interviews, 50+ search warrants). A $10,000 combined reward (Hendry County Sheriff + FBI) remains. The actual shooter is still unidentified. No Unknown Marcus L. Thompson, 35 (accessory only)UnknownMale35 Unsolved WFLX Fox 29
19Itali MarloweBlack29Houston, TXSep 20Gunshot (multiple) Shot multiple times in Houston. Raymond Donald Williams was charged and later convicted, receiving 25 years in prison. HPD records identified the suspect as a Black male ("b/m" notation). No Unknown Raymond Donald Williams, 23BlackMale23 Convicted (25 yrs) Houston PD
20Brianna "BB" HillBlack30Kansas City, MOOct 14Gunshot Shot and killed at 11:30 a.m. in Kansas City on Oct. 14, 2019. A suspect was detained at the scene — per KCPD Capt. Tim Hernandez, the shooter waited for police and was taken into custody; police were "not looking for any more suspects." In Nov. 2022, FOX4 KC reported the case was ruled self-defense; no charges were filed. Separately, two KCPD officers (Matthew Brummett and Charles Prichard) pleaded guilty to third-degree assault for brutalizing Hill during an unrelated arrest five months before her murder. No Unknown Unnamed suspect (detained at scene)——— Closed — Self-Defense HuffPost
21Nikki KuhnhausenWhite17Vancouver, WAJun 6 (found Dec 7)Strangulation (cellphone charger cord) Went missing June 6 at age 17; her remains were found December 7. David Bogdanov strangled her with a cellphone charger cord after discovering she was transgender, then hid her body and briefly fled to Ukraine. Convicted by jury of second-degree murder and malicious harassment (WA hate crime statute), Aug. 2021; sentenced Sep. 2021 to 234 months (19.5 yrs) for murder plus 12 months for the hate crime, concurrent. The case prompted the Nikki Kuhnhausen Act (HB 1687, signed Mar. 2020), banning the "LGBTQ+ panic defense" in Washington state. No Confirmed David Bogdanov, 25WhiteMale25 Convicted (19.5 yrs) CBS News
22Yahira NesbyBlack33Brooklyn, NYDec 19Gunshot (chest/leg) Shot in the chest and leg in her Brooklyn apartment on December 19. A 39-year-old man with a broken foot (consistent with jumping from a window) was found behind the building and taken into custody; conflicting reports exist about whether he was formally arrested or merely questioned. NYPD subsequently released surveillance video of a male suspect. No public resolution as of Feb. 2026. No Unknown ———— Unsolved PIX11
Victim List — Reconciliation with HRC Report: HRC's original PDF report (A National Epidemic: Fatal Anti-Transgender Violence in the United States in 2019, published Nov. 18, 2019) named 22 victims. That list was read into the Congressional Record on Nov. 20, 2019 during Transgender Day of Remembrance remarks. Two individuals from the original 22 were subsequently removed from tracking by advocates after further investigation: Jazzaline Ware (Memphis, TN) — Memphis police concluded she died of natural causes, not homicide; and Jamagio Jamar Berryman (Kansas City, KS) — the Berryman family released a video clarifying the victim was not transgender. This leaves 20 confirmed homicide victims from the original report. This dataset adds two additional victims documented after the report's Nov. 18 publication date: Nikki Kuhnhausen (missing Jun. 6, remains found Dec. 7) and Yahira Nesby (killed Dec. 19), both of which HRC later added to its web tracker (which eventually counted "at least 27" by year's end). HRC's later web updates also included individuals not in this dataset: Ellie Marie Washtock (described as "gender-expansive," death circumstances unclear), Titi Gulley (death originally ruled suicide; investigation reopened but outcome unclear), Johana Medina Leon (died in ICE custody), and Layleen Cubilette-Polanco (died at Rikers Island). These were excluded because this dataset is limited to confirmed homicides outside of custodial settings. Victims are listed in chronological order by date of death, which closely mirrors the HRC report's ordering.
Case Research Methodology: All case details independently verified via local news, court records, and law enforcement press releases — not HRC assessments. Each case searched at minimum twice: initial incident report + arrest/charge update through Mar. 2026. Suspect race verified from mugshots or explicit police descriptions (e.g., HPD notation "b/m" for Raymond Donald Williams; DOJ photos for Daqua Ritter; Dallas PD official statement identifying Lyles as "a Black male"; Michigan DOC racial ID for Robinson), never from surnames. Police-involved killings and self-defense closures excluded from suspect demographics. Bee Love Slater coded "Unsolved" because only an accessory-after-the-fact was arrested (Dec. 2021); the actual shooter remains unidentified. Jordan Cofer's case coded "Closed" (mass shooting; perpetrator deceased at scene). Dominick Archield: all charges (murder and attempted murder) dismissed Nov. 27, 2024 after a key witness recanted and evidence mismatch issues surfaced; Stuckey case reverts to unsolved. Claire Legato / John Booth: charges dismissed; whether Booth was reindicted is unknown. Brianna "BB" Hill: ruled self-defense per FOX4 KC (Nov. 2022); no charges filed. Coded "Closed" and excluded from suspect demographics (unnamed suspect). Bubba Walker: ME could not determine cause of death due to severe burns; police opened a homicide investigation but no official homicide ruling was made. Retained in dataset per HRC listing. Devon Robinson: LWOP sentences vacated Oct. 27, 2022 by Michigan Court of Appeals under Miller v. Alabama (Robinson was 18 at time of crime); resentencing pending. Pebbles LaDime Doe's case updated to reflect Daqua Ritter's Feb. 2024 federal hate crime conviction and Oct. 2024 life sentence — the first such conviction based on gender identity under the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act. The Nikki Kuhnhausen case prompted the Nikki Kuhnhausen Act (HB 1687), banning the "LGBTQ+ panic defense" in Washington state (signed Mar. 2020). The HRC report is available via Issuu; HRC no longer hosts the original PDF.
Fatal Violence Against Transgender People, 2019
Combined analysis from local news and court records · Updated through Mar. 2026